2、 Product yield: Generally, 10000 feathers can produce 500kg of finished feather powder
3、 The equipment and process modifications mainly focus on the following aspects:
1. To meet the hydrolysis requirements of rapid heating, the heat transfer area has been increased, and the equipment of the same model has increased by about 40%, but the external dimensions of the equipment have not been increased, making the equipment's footprint the same as the prototype number.
2. Similarly, the heat transfer capacity per unit area has been increased, that is, the heat transfer coefficient K has been raised, causing the K value to increase from around 50-60kcal/㎡℃ h to around 75kcal/㎡℃ h. We have implemented multiple measures on the modified equipment, including self-cleaning of the heating surface, equidistant heating from the central material to the surrounding heating surfaces, evenly distributed heating surfaces within the body, and intensified stirring.
3. In order to improve the pressure resistance of the equipment, the modified equipment has been improved in multiple weak areas under pressure, eliminating or weakening the majority of stress concentration areas and improving the stress condition of the pressure bearing components. The main pressure parts are selected from high-quality steel plates for heating and pressure bearing of boiler pressure vessels, such as 20g, 16MnR, and 20cm, which improves the safety and applicability of the equipment.
4. In order to improve the shear force on feathers and their reticular keratin proteins, multiple measures have been taken in the internal structure of the new equipment. Firstly, the number of stirring blades has been increased. Secondly, the shape of the stirring blades has been changed. Thirdly, a structure with alternating fixed and moving teeth has been adopted to increase the relative speed, greatly improving the shear conditions.
By taking the above measures, there has been a significant improvement in product quality and production efficiency. Mainly manifested in:
1. The cysteine content of the product has significantly increased, reaching 1.5 times that of hydrolyzed feather powder. The digestion rate has significantly improved. Under the optimal process conditions, the amino acid digestion rate of the product has reached 41-80%, and the gastric enzyme digestion rate (PDP), amino acid effective rate (PDAA), protein solubility (PS), amino acid content, bulk density (BD) and other indicators of the product have all been significantly improved.
2. It has significant characteristics such as shortened operation assistance time, high steam utilization rate, and high thermal efficiency. According to actual measurements, it can save about 6% of steam.
3. Due to rapid, uniform, and stable heating, the product quality is stable.
4、 Precautions for producing feather powder by high-temperature and high-pressure hydrolysis method
Clean the feathers, put them into the hydrolysis tank, inject steam, and hydrolyze them into blocky protein gel, which can be fed after drying and crushing. The quality of processed feather powder using this method depends on the comprehensive effect of three parameters: hydrolysis time, temperature, and pressure.
The processing parameters tested by Latshaw et al. (1994) were: 74 minutes/30 kilopascals; The suitable processing parameters reported by Liu Hanlin et al. (1994) are 20-30 minutes per 700 kilopascals; The result of Shen Yinshu et al. (2000) is 30 points/400 kilopascals. The processing time is similar, but the processing pressure is very different. As the hydrolysis temperature and time increase, the destruction of amino acids intensifies, with sulfur-containing amino acids (cysteine) being the most pronounced. Therefore, feather powder processing factories should determine the appropriate processing parameters through experiments based on their own processing equipment conditions, and should not apply other people's parameters.
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