Shedding and cleaning machine is a key equipment used to remove the outer shell of grains, nuts and other materials and separate impurities, widely used in fields such as grain processing and food production. To ensure efficient operation of the equipment, extend its service life, and ensure safe operation, the following precautions should be taken during use:
1、 Preparation before operation
Equipment inspection
Mechanical components: Check whether the hulling drum, screen, fan, drive belt, etc. are loose, worn, or deformed to ensure no jamming or abnormal noise.
Electrical system: Confirm that the wiring of motors, control cabinets, sensors, etc. is secure, the insulation is good, and there is no risk of leakage.
Air system (if applicable): Check if the air ducts and dust collectors are unobstructed, and if the air pressure is stable.
Safety protection: Ensure that safety devices such as protective covers, emergency stop buttons, and warning signs are intact and effective.
Material pretreatment
Cleaning materials: Remove hard impurities such as stones, metals, straw, etc. from the materials to avoid damaging the hulling drum or sieve.
Control humidity: Excessive moisture content in materials can lead to difficulties in peeling and clogging of the sieve mesh; If it is too low, it is easy to produce fragments. For example, the moisture content of rice should be controlled between 13% and 15%.
Uniform feeding: Avoid material accumulation or interruption, prevent uneven shelling or equipment overload.
Parameter Settings
Shedding gap: Adjust the gap between the drum and the sieve according to the size of the material (such as the peanut hulling gap of about 8-12mm). If the gap is too small, it is easy to damage the seeds, and if it is too large, the hulling will not be clean.
Speed matching: Set the speed of the hulling drum (such as rice hulling speed of about 500-800r/min). If the speed is too high, it will increase the breakage rate of rice, and if it is too low, the hulling efficiency will be low.
Air volume adjustment: Adjust the fan air volume according to the type of impurities (such as light impurity separation air speed of about 3-5 m/s). If the air volume is too large, it is easy to blow away qualified seeds, and if it is too small, the dust removal effect will be poor.
2、 Precautions during operation
Uniform feeding
Use a screw conveyor or vibrating feeder to maintain constant feeding speed and avoid motor blockage or jamming of the hulling drum caused by instantaneous overload.
Observe the status of the material at the discharge port, and if it is found that the shelling is not clean or there are too many broken particles, adjust the feeding amount or shelling parameters in a timely manner.
Real time monitoring of operational status
Temperature monitoring: Regularly check the temperature of the motor, bearings, and hulling drum (usually ≤ 65 ℃), and immediately shut down for maintenance when overheating occurs.
Vibration and noise: Abnormal vibration or noise may indicate drum imbalance, screen damage, or transmission component failure, requiring shutdown for troubleshooting.
Discharge quality: Check the discharge every 30 minutes to ensure that the shelling rate is ≥ 95%, impurity content is ≤ 2%, and particle breakage rate is ≤ 3%.
Safety operation standards
Do not touch moving parts: It is strictly prohibited to clean the drum, screen or drive belt with hands or tools during operation. The machine must be stopped before operation.
Dust protection: Operators should wear dust masks, goggles, and earplugs to avoid inhaling dust or noise injuries.
Emergency stop: In case of abnormal noise, smoke or other abnormal situations, immediately press the emergency stop button and cut off the power supply.
3、 Post operation maintenance
cleaning equipment
Cleaning residual materials: Use a soft bristled brush or compressed air to remove husks and debris from the hulling drum, sieve, and air duct to prevent mold or corrosion.
Clean the dust removal system: Clean the dust collector bag or filter to ensure sufficient air flow for the next use.
Drainage rust prevention: If the equipment contains water tanks or wet dust removal components, the accumulated water should be drained and dried to prevent rusting.
Lubrication and maintenance
Bearing lubrication: Add lithium based grease (such as No. 3 lithium grease) every 200 hours of operation, with a filling amount not exceeding 2/3 of the bearing chamber.
Chain lubrication: Lubricate the transmission chain with engine oil every week to prevent wear and breakage.
Motor maintenance: Check the motor bearings every 3 months and replace the lubricating oil if necessary.
Replacement of vulnerable parts
Screen mesh: Regularly replace according to wear and tear (such as once every quarter) to ensure that the screen holes are not blocked or deformed.
Shedding drum: If severe wear or tooth deformation is found on the surface of the drum, it should be replaced in a timely manner to avoid a decrease in shelling efficiency.
Drive belt: Check the tension and wear of the belt every six months, and replace it immediately if it is loose or cracked.
4、 Safety precautions
Electrical safety
Do not operate the control cabinet or switch with wet hands to prevent electric shock.
Regularly check whether the grounding wire is secure and ensure that the equipment leakage protection device is effective.
During maintenance, the power must be cut off and a "Do not close" warning sign must be hung.
Mechanical safety
When installing equipment, ensure that the ground is flat and the fixing bolts are tightened to prevent vibration and displacement during operation.
When the protective cover is not installed properly, it is strictly prohibited to start the equipment to avoid personnel coming into contact with rotating parts.
Children or non professionals are prohibited from approaching operating equipment.
Fire and explosion prevention
Do not use open flames when cleaning equipment to prevent explosions caused by husk dust.
Fire extinguishers are equipped in the workshop and their expiration dates are regularly checked.
Avoid stacking flammable materials near the equipment and maintain good ventilation.
5、 Seasonal maintenance and long-term parking
Summer moisture prevention
When the equipment is not in use for a long time, wrap it with moisture-proof cloth to prevent the motor and control cabinet from being affected by moisture and short circuiting.
Regularly start the equipment (such as running once a month) to avoid component corrosion and jamming.
Winter antifreeze
If the equipment contains water tanks or pipes, the accumulated water should be drained and dried to prevent freezing and cracking.
Before starting in a low-temperature environment, preheat the motor (e.g. using an infrared lamp for 30 minutes).
Long term parking maintenance
Apply anti rust oil after cleaning the equipment, especially for metal parts such as rollers and screens.
Store in a dry and ventilated room, avoiding direct sunlight or rain.
Check the equipment status every 3 months and supplement lubrication or replace vulnerable parts if necessary.
6、 Common fault emergency handling
Unclean shell shedding
Reason: The drum clearance is too large, the speed is too low, or the material humidity is too high.
Solution: Adjust the gap to the appropriate value, increase the speed, or reduce the material humidity.
Screen blockage
Reason: The material contains too much impurities or the air volume is insufficient.
Handling: Clean the screen mesh, increase air volume, or pre treat materials.
Motor overheating
Reason: Overload operation, poor heat dissipation, or unstable voltage.
Solution: Reduce the feeding amount, clean the cooling fan, or check the grid voltage.
The discharge contains a lot of impurities
Reason: Excessive air volume or damaged screen mesh.
Solution: Reduce air volume or replace screen mesh.
By standardizing operations, regular maintenance, and timely troubleshooting, the operational efficiency and discharge quality of the hulling and cleaning machine can be significantly improved, while reducing equipment wear and safety risks. Suggest developing a detailed equipment maintenance manual and training operators on basic troubleshooting methods.