Air screening and impurity removal machine is an agricultural machinery that combines aerodynamic principles with screening technology, mainly used for cleaning and grading grain crops such as rice, wheat, and corn. Its core function is to efficiently remove impurities and improve the purity of grain through the synergistic effect of wind sorting and mechanical screening. The following is a detailed explanation of its specific functions and technical features:
1、 Core functions
1. Light impurity removal (wind selection function)
Principle: Utilize the airflow generated by the fan to create displacement differences between materials of different densities in the vertical or horizontal direction.
Target audience:
Rice husks and wheat awns: have a lower density than grains and are easily sucked away by air currents.
Shrinkage and insect infestation: Hollow or damaged grains are separated by airflow due to reduced density.
Dust and grass debris: Small impurities are discharged through the air duct with the airflow.
Technical Specifications:
The wind speed can be adjusted (usually 3-8m/s) to adapt to different crop characteristics.
The air duct design adopts a "settling chamber+suction port" structure to ensure sufficient separation of light and miscellaneous materials.
2. Heavy impurity separation (screening function)
Principle: Separate impurities by particle size through vibration or rotation of multi-layer screens (such as punching screens, weaving screens).
Target audience:
Large miscellaneous items: stones, soil blocks, straw, etc. (sieve diameter ≥ 10mm).
Small impurities: sand particles, crushed grains, etc. (sieve diameter 2-5mm).
Shoulder stone: Impurities that are similar in size to grains but have a higher density (need to be sorted based on specific gravity).
Mesh configuration:
Upper sieve: Remove large impurities (such as 12mm round hole sieve).
Middle sieve: Separate grains from small impurities (such as 5mm long hole sieve).
Lower sieve: Collect fine impurities (such as 2mm woven sieve).
3. Specific gravity sorting (optional function)
Principle: By adjusting the vibration frequency and airflow velocity, materials with different densities are layered on the screen surface.
Target audience:
Imperfect grain: Immature or insect eaten grains (with a density close to impurities).
Mold particles: Separated from healthy grains due to density changes.
Application scenario: Suitable for seed processing or grain grading to improve grain quality.
4. Multi level cleaning (composite function)
Process design:
Pre cleaning: Remove large impurities through initial screening to reduce subsequent load.
Wind selection: Separate light impurities from flat grains.
Fine screening: Remove small impurities and side stones.
Specific gravity sorting (optional): further purification.
Efficiency improvement: A single device can replace traditional 3-4 cleaning processes, with a processing capacity of 5-20 tons/hour.
2、 Technical features
1. Efficient and energy-saving
Airflow circulation system: Some models adopt a closed-loop air duct design to reduce fan power consumption (saving 20% -30% energy compared to traditional models).
Variable frequency speed regulation: The fan and screen speed can be independently adjusted to adapt to different material characteristics (such as the difference in wind speed requirements between rice and wheat).
2. Precise sorting
Adjustable screen angle: By adjusting the inclination angle of the screen surface (usually 3 ° -8 °), the material flow rate and residence time can be controlled to optimize the sorting effect.
Intelligent control: Some models are equipped with sensors to monitor real-time parameters such as wind pressure and screen load, and automatically adjust the operating status.
3. Structural optimization
Modular design: Components such as screens and fans can be quickly replaced for easy maintenance and upgrades.
Dust sealing: Rubber sealing strips are used in key areas to reduce dust leakage (in compliance with environmental requirements).
3、 Application scenarios
Grain purchasing station: Quickly remove impurities and improve the level of grain purchasing.
Seed processing plant: Separate incomplete seeds to ensure a germination rate of ≥ 90%.
Rice processing enterprises: As the first equipment in the rice cleaning process, it reduces the wear and tear of subsequent equipment.
Farm direct harvesting operation: matched with combine harvesters to achieve the integration of "harvesting cleaning storage".
4、 Operation and maintenance suggestions
Pre operation inspection:
Confirm that the screen is not damaged and the tension of the fan belt is appropriate.
Clean the air duct and dust box to avoid blockage.
Parameter adjustment:
Adjust the wind speed according to the impurity content of the material (increase the wind speed when there are more impurities).
It is recommended to set the initial inclination angle of the sieve to 5 ° and adjust it according to the discharge effect.
Regular maintenance:
Replace the screen mesh every quarter (if it is severely worn, it needs to be replaced in advance).
Clean the fan blades annually and check the lubrication of the bearings.