The combine grain harvester is an important equipment used for efficient harvesting of grains in agricultural production. Its operation and maintenance require special attention to various aspects to ensure operational safety, improve harvesting efficiency, and extend machine service life. The following are key precautions when using a combine grain harvester:
1、 Preparation before homework
Inspection and Maintenance
Comprehensive inspection: Before each operation, conduct a comprehensive inspection of all components of the harvester, including the engine, transmission system, cutting device, threshing device, conveying device, walking system, etc. Check if the connections of each component are secure, free from looseness, wear, or damage. For example, check if the blade of the cutter is sharp and if there are any gaps, and replace it promptly if necessary; Check if the tension of the drive belt is appropriate, as being too loose or too tight can affect the transmission efficiency.
Lubrication and maintenance: Fully lubricate each lubrication point according to the requirements of the machine manual. Ensure good lubrication of engine, gearbox, chain and other components to reduce wear and tear. For example, regularly changing engine oil and oil filters, cleaning or replacing air filters.
Electrical system inspection: Check whether the wiring of the electrical system is intact, whether there is any damage, short circuit or poor contact. Check if the battery is fully charged and if the electrode connections are secure.
Site and Crop Assessment
Site survey: Before entering the work site, conduct a survey of the field to understand the terrain, landforms, obstacles, and other conditions. Remove stones, branches, plastic film and other debris from the field to prevent them from entering the harvester and damaging machine components.
Crop evaluation: Understand the variety, maturity, plant height, lodging situation, etc. of crops. Adjust the operating parameters of the harvester according to the characteristics of the crop, such as the height of the cutting table, the speed of the threshing drum, and the size of the air flow. For example, for crops with severe lodging, the height of the harvester should be appropriately reduced and the feeding amount of the harvester should be increased.
Personnel training and safety equipment
Operation training: Operators must undergo professional training, familiarize themselves with the structure, performance, operating procedures, and safety precautions of the harvester. Untrained personnel are not allowed to operate the harvester without authorization.
Safety equipment: Operators should wear necessary safety equipment, such as safety helmets, protective goggles, earplugs, protective gloves, etc. During the homework process, it is strictly prohibited to wear loose clothing or jewelry to avoid being caught up by the machine.
2、 Precautions during homework
Standard operation
Start and stop: Start and stop according to the prescribed procedures. Before starting, ensure that the harvester is in neutral position and there are no personnel or obstacles around. When shutting down, the engine should be reduced to idle for a period of time before shutting it down.
Homework speed: Reasonably control the homework speed based on crop density, humidity, and machine performance. Avoid working too fast or too slow, as too fast may result in incomplete harvesting and threshing, while too slow may reduce work efficiency. For example, in situations where crop density is high and humidity is high, the operating speed should be appropriately reduced.
Adjustment of cutting table height: Adjust the cutting table height in a timely manner according to the plant height and lodging situation of the crop. Maintain an appropriate distance between the cutting table and the ground to avoid the cutting table being too low and scratching the ground, or too high and causing missed cutting.
Observation and monitoring
Observation of homework status: During the homework process, the operator should constantly observe the operation status of the harvester and pay attention to the sound of the machine. If there is any abnormal noise or vibration, the machine should be stopped immediately for inspection. For example, if you hear an abnormal impact sound from the threshing drum, it may be due to damaged threshing teeth or uneven crop feeding, which needs to be dealt with in a timely manner.
Instrument monitoring: Pay attention to various instruments on the harvester, such as engine tachometer, water temperature gauge, oil pressure gauge, etc., to ensure that all parameters are within the normal range. If abnormal instrument indications are found, timely measures should be taken.
safe operation
Avoid obstacles: During the homework process, be careful to avoid obstacles such as power poles, trees, and water wells in the field. If it is impossible to avoid, reduce the speed of the harvester in advance and be careful to bypass.
Personnel safety: It is strictly prohibited for personnel to stay around or perform maintenance and upkeep work on the harvester during operation. If repair or maintenance is required, the machine must be stopped first and the power must be cut off.
3、 Post homework maintenance
Cleaning and Cleaning
Cleaning of debris: After the homework is completed, promptly clean up the grains, straw, dust and other debris on the harvester. Especially the cutting machine, threshing device, conveying device and other parts should be cleaned thoroughly to prevent debris residue from affecting the next operation.
External cleaning: Rinse the exterior of the harvester with clean water to remove soil and dirt. But be careful to avoid water entering the electrical system and engine interior.
Inspection and Maintenance
Component inspection: Conduct a detailed inspection of each component of the harvester to see if there is any wear, damage, or looseness. If any problems are found, they should be repaired or replaced in a timely manner. For example, checking whether the blade of the cutter needs to be sharpened or replaced, checking the wear of the transmission chain, and adjusting or replacing it if necessary.
Troubleshooting: If any abnormal situation is found in the machine during the operation, but it is not dealt with in a timely manner, the cause of the malfunction should be further investigated and repaired after the operation.
Storage and Preservation
Storage environment: Store the harvester in a dry, ventilated, and shaded place, avoiding direct sunlight and rain. If stored for a long time, the harvester should be elevated to keep the tires off the ground and prevent tire deformation.
Protective measures: Rust prevention treatment should be carried out on the easily rusted parts of the harvester, such as applying rust proof oil. At the same time, remove the battery and perform regular charging and maintenance.
4、 Other precautions
Compliance with regulations
Comply with local agricultural machinery operation regulations and safety rules, and obtain relevant licenses and certificates. Operate according to the prescribed time and route, and do not use harvesters in prohibited areas.
environmental requirements
Pay attention to environmental protection and avoid pollution to the surrounding environment caused by dust, noise, etc. generated during the operation of the harvester. For example, dust removal devices can be installed to reduce dust emissions.
Spare parts and consumables reserve
Reserve a certain amount of commonly used accessories and consumables, such as blades, belts, filters, lubricants, etc. In order to promptly replace and reduce downtime in case of malfunctions during the homework process.